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Within forested landscapes, wolves tended to avoid top-carnivores but were more sympatric with leopards and dhole compared to tigers and lions. The states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra were major strongholds for the species. With an average adult pack size of 3 (SE 0.24), and a wolf density < 1 per 100 km 2 in occupied but non-breeding habitats, a wolf population of 3,170 (SE range 2,568вЂ“3,847) adults was estimated. Using an average territory size of 188 (SE 23) km 2, India could potentially hold 423вЂ“540 wolf packs. Breeding packs likely occurred in в‰€89,000 km 2. Wolf habitats across all landscapes were connected with no barriers to dispersal. The potential habitat that can support wolf occupancy was 364,425 km 2 with the largest wolf habitat available in western India (Saurashtra-Kachchh-Thar landscape 102,837 km 2).

Wolves avoided dense wet forests, human disturbances beyond a threshold, arid deserts, and areas with high top-carnivore density, but occurred in semi-arid scrub, grassland, open forests systems with moderate winter temperatures. Relationships of wolf occurrence with eco-geographical variables were interpreted based on response curves. A total of 3,324 presence locations were obtained and after accounting for spatial redundancy 574 locations were used for modeling in maximum entropy framework (MaењЋnt) with ecologically relevant covariates to infer potentially occupied habitats. We used photo captures from 26,838 camera traps deployed over 121,337 km 2 along with data from radio-telemetry, published, and authenticated wolf sightings to infer wolf locations.

2Department of Wildlife Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, IndiaДЄn understanding of the distribution range and status of a species is paramount for its conservation.

1Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India.

However, experiences with much older siblings taking place before age 9 are associated with generally lower levels of self-esteem and no increase in current sexual activity.Yadvendradev Jhala 1*, Swati Saini 1, Satish Kumar 2 and Qamar Qureshi 1 Those with positive sibling experiences after age 9 have more sexual self-esteem. Their level of sexual self-esteem may also have been affected, but more selectively. Females who report sibling sexual experiences, both positive and negative, have substantially higher levels of current sexual activity.

The research finds evidence that such experience may have long-term effects on sexual development. Few participants of either sex ever told anyone. Females were more likely than males to have been exploited and feel badly about it. Reactions to the experiences were equally divided among those who considered them positive and those who considered them negative. One-fourth of the experiences could be described as exploitative either because force was used or because there was a large age disparity between the partners. Fondling and touching of the genitals were the most common activities in all age categories. In a survey of 796 undergraduates at six New England colleges and universities, 15% of the females and 10% of the males reported some type of sexual experience involving a sibling.

The wolf among us free download no surveys